What are the four domains of safety and why are they so important in enabling vulnerable and other children to flourish? Dr Pooky Knightsmith explains


Safety is a theme that I return to again and again in my work, whether it is about taking a trauma-informed approach, enabling children with SEN to thrive, or simply about creating an environment in which every child can flourish.

One of the most basic needs that must be met for every child is a feeling of safety, so in this article I will pick that apart and go beyond the built environment, exploring how we can enable a child to feel safe across four domains: physically, socially, emotionally and cognitively.

I most recently talked about these domains of safety during a webinar hosted by Headteacher Update's sister magazine SecEd focused on responding to emotionally based school avoidance and many of the colleagues tuning in have since asked me for a summary. Before I get started, you can still access the webinar online (see below for more information or click the hyperlink above).

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